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Original Article

Feature Mimicry for Soft Error Prediction: An Advanced Ensemble Approach to Safety-Critical Pacemaker Telemetry

Adhuong Jacob Makuach Jok1Peter Kamita Kihato2Davies Rene Segera3

¹ Department of Electrical Engineering, Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation (PAUSTI), Nairobi, Kenya. ² Department of Electrical Engineering, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya. ³ Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Nairobi (UoN), Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya

Published Online: January-April 2026

Pages: 203-213

Abstract

Safety-critical systems, such as implantable medical devices, are susceptible to soft errors—transient malfunctions that can lead to catastrophic failure. Traditional mitigation strategies like hardware redundancy often impose prohibitive costs and complexity for resource-constrained devices like pacemakers. This research proposes an advanced machine learning ensemble framework to predict and mitigate soft errors in real-time. A novel Feature Mimicry approach was employed to map biological heart data to technical pacemaker telemetry, reimagining features like Cholesterol as Internal Resistance and Blood Pressure as Battery Voltage. By evaluating both Bagging (Random Forest) and Boosting architectures (AdaBoost, XGBoost, LightGBM), the study compensates for the limitations of individual learners. Results demonstrate that boosting algorithms achieved a superior accuracy of 99.6% and a precision of 92.8% in predicting soft error states. The implementation of early stopping and loss convergence monitoring ensured the model remained robust against overfitting, establishing a high-precision, "zero-miss" diagnostic safety net for patients.

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