Current - Issue
Original Article
Fake News Detection Using Transformer-Based NLP with Source Credibility and Sentiment Fusion
Hari priya Metikala1
K.V. Nanda Kishore2
1 Student, Department of Information Technology, Gokaraju lailavathi Engineering college, Affiliated by Osmania university, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. 2 Assistant Professor, School of Computer Science and Information Systems, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published Online: May-August 2026
Pages: 479-491
Cite this article
↗ https://www.doi.org/10.59256/indjcst.20260502054References
1. Al-Quayed, F., Javed, D., Jhanjhi, N.Z., Humayun, M. and Alnusairi, T.S., 2024. A hybrid transformer-based model for optimizing fake news
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Twitter. Procedia Computer Science, 235, pp.1870-1882.
4. Visweswaran, M., Mohan, J., Kumar, S.S. and Soman, K.P., 2024. Synergistic detection of multimodal fake news leveraging TextGCN and
vision transformer. Procedia Computer Science, 235, pp.142-151.
5. Kumar, C., Bansal, M., Khan, M.A., Kaushik, V., Arquam, M. and Alabdultif, A., 2025. Graph-augmented transformer ensemble framework
for robust and scalable fake news detection in social media ecosystems. Scientific Reports.
6. Faizz Ahmad, K.S., Pamidimukkala, S.G., Sathe, A.P., GNVG, S. and Ch, K., 2025. Hybrid optimization driven fake news detection using
reinforced transformer models. Scientific Reports, 15(1), pp.1-16.
7. Likha, O.V., Kumar, S.S., Mohan, N. and Sikha, O.K., 2025. Fake News and Offensive Content Detection in Malayalam Using Machine
Learning, Deep Learning and Transformer based method with XAI. IEEE Access.
8. Kozik, R., Kątek, G., Gackowska, M., Kula, S., Komorniczak, J., Ksieniewicz, P., Pawlicka, A., Pawlicki, M. and Choraś, M., 2024. Towards
explainable fake news detection and automated content credibility assessment: Polish internet and digital media use-
case. Neurocomputing, 608, p.128450.
9. LekshmiAmmal, H.R. and Madasamy, A.K., 2025. A reasoning based explainable multimodal fake news detection for low resource language
using large language models and transformers. Journal of Big Data, 12(1), p.46.
10. Anggrainingsih, R., Hassan, G.M. and Datta, A., 2024. Transformer-based models for combating rumours on microblogging platforms: areview. Artificial Intelligence Review, 57(8), p.212.
11. Jahin, M.A., Shovon, M.S.H., Mridha, M.F., Islam, M.R. and Watanobe, Y., 2024. A hybrid transformer and attention based recurrent neural
network for robust and interpretable sentiment analysis of tweets. Scientific reports, 14(1), p.24882.
12. Abdedaiem, A., Dahou, A.H., Cheragui, M.A. and Mathiak, B., 2024. Fassila: a corpus for algerian dialect fake news detection and sentiment
analysis. Procedia Computer Science, 244, pp.397-407.
13. Bashaddadh, O., Omar, N., Mohd, M. and Khalid, M.N.A., 2025. Machine learning and deep learning approaches for fake news detection:
A systematic review of techniques, challenges, and advancements. IEEE Access.
14. Hashmi, E., Yayilgan, S.Y., Yamin, M.M., Ali, S. and Abomhara, M., 2024. Advancing fake news detection: Hybrid deep learning with
fasttext and explainable ai. IEEE access, 12, pp.44462-44480.
15. Meel, P. and Vishwakarma, D.K., 2023. Multi-modal fusion using fine-tuned self-attention and transfer learning for veracity analysis of web
information. Expert Systems with Applications, 229, p.120537.
16. Krishnan, A., 2023. Exploring machine learning and transformer-based approaches for deceptive text classification: A comparative
analysis. arXiv preprint arXiv:2308.05476.
17. Oad, A., Farooq, M.H., Zafar, A., Akram, B.A., Zhou, R. and Dong, F., 2024. Fake news classification methodology with enhanced bert. IEEE
Access, 12, pp.164491-164502.
18. E. Almandouh, M., Alrahmawy, M.F., Eisa, M., Elhoseny, M. and Tolba, A.S., 2024. Ensemble based high performance deep learning models
for fake news detection. Scientific Reports, 14(1), p.26591.
19. Mohawesh, R., Salameh, H.B., Jararweh, Y., Alkhalaileh, M. and Maqsood, S., 2024. Fake review detection using transformer-based
enhanced LSTM and RoBERTa. International Journal of Cognitive Computing in Engineering, 5, pp.250-258.
20. Albtoush, E.S., Gan, K.H. and Alrababah, S.A.A., 2025. Evaluation of machine learning and deep learning models for fake news detection
in Arabic headlines. IEEE Access.
21. Akpinar, K.O., Akpinar, M. and Pavlovskaya, O., 2025. Attention based neural network for cross domain fake news detection in Turkish
language. Scientific Reports.
22. Datta, K.S., Naidu, G.N. and Abhishek, S., 2024. Enhancing veracity: Empirical evaluation of fake news detection techniques. Procedia
Computer Science, 233, pp.97-107.
23. Suresh, S., 2025. Transforming Fake News Detection: Leveraging DistilBERT Models for Enhanced Accuracy. Procedia Computer
Science, 260, pp.283-290.
24. Francis, M.A., Kurup, A.R., Premjith, B. and Chakravarthi, B.R., 2025. Multimodal Fake News Classification in Tamil Using Fact-Checked
Social Media Content and Cost-Sensitive Learning. IEEE Access.
25. Alqadi, B.S., Alsuhibany, S.A., Yousafzai, S.N., Alzu’bi, S., Alsekait, D.M. and AbdElminaam, D.S., 2025. Transfer learning driven fake
news detection and classification using large language models. Scientific Reports, 15(1), p.28490.
detection. IEEE Access, 12, pp.160822-160834.
2. Alghamdi, J., Lin, Y. and Luo, S., 2023. Towards COVID-19 fake news detection using transformer-based models. Knowledge-Based
Systems, 274, p.110642.
3. Nair, V., Pareek, J. and Bhatt, S., 2024. A knowledge-based deep learning approach for automatic fake news detection using BERT on
Twitter. Procedia Computer Science, 235, pp.1870-1882.
4. Visweswaran, M., Mohan, J., Kumar, S.S. and Soman, K.P., 2024. Synergistic detection of multimodal fake news leveraging TextGCN and
vision transformer. Procedia Computer Science, 235, pp.142-151.
5. Kumar, C., Bansal, M., Khan, M.A., Kaushik, V., Arquam, M. and Alabdultif, A., 2025. Graph-augmented transformer ensemble framework
for robust and scalable fake news detection in social media ecosystems. Scientific Reports.
6. Faizz Ahmad, K.S., Pamidimukkala, S.G., Sathe, A.P., GNVG, S. and Ch, K., 2025. Hybrid optimization driven fake news detection using
reinforced transformer models. Scientific Reports, 15(1), pp.1-16.
7. Likha, O.V., Kumar, S.S., Mohan, N. and Sikha, O.K., 2025. Fake News and Offensive Content Detection in Malayalam Using Machine
Learning, Deep Learning and Transformer based method with XAI. IEEE Access.
8. Kozik, R., Kątek, G., Gackowska, M., Kula, S., Komorniczak, J., Ksieniewicz, P., Pawlicka, A., Pawlicki, M. and Choraś, M., 2024. Towards
explainable fake news detection and automated content credibility assessment: Polish internet and digital media use-
case. Neurocomputing, 608, p.128450.
9. LekshmiAmmal, H.R. and Madasamy, A.K., 2025. A reasoning based explainable multimodal fake news detection for low resource language
using large language models and transformers. Journal of Big Data, 12(1), p.46.
10. Anggrainingsih, R., Hassan, G.M. and Datta, A., 2024. Transformer-based models for combating rumours on microblogging platforms: areview. Artificial Intelligence Review, 57(8), p.212.
11. Jahin, M.A., Shovon, M.S.H., Mridha, M.F., Islam, M.R. and Watanobe, Y., 2024. A hybrid transformer and attention based recurrent neural
network for robust and interpretable sentiment analysis of tweets. Scientific reports, 14(1), p.24882.
12. Abdedaiem, A., Dahou, A.H., Cheragui, M.A. and Mathiak, B., 2024. Fassila: a corpus for algerian dialect fake news detection and sentiment
analysis. Procedia Computer Science, 244, pp.397-407.
13. Bashaddadh, O., Omar, N., Mohd, M. and Khalid, M.N.A., 2025. Machine learning and deep learning approaches for fake news detection:
A systematic review of techniques, challenges, and advancements. IEEE Access.
14. Hashmi, E., Yayilgan, S.Y., Yamin, M.M., Ali, S. and Abomhara, M., 2024. Advancing fake news detection: Hybrid deep learning with
fasttext and explainable ai. IEEE access, 12, pp.44462-44480.
15. Meel, P. and Vishwakarma, D.K., 2023. Multi-modal fusion using fine-tuned self-attention and transfer learning for veracity analysis of web
information. Expert Systems with Applications, 229, p.120537.
16. Krishnan, A., 2023. Exploring machine learning and transformer-based approaches for deceptive text classification: A comparative
analysis. arXiv preprint arXiv:2308.05476.
17. Oad, A., Farooq, M.H., Zafar, A., Akram, B.A., Zhou, R. and Dong, F., 2024. Fake news classification methodology with enhanced bert. IEEE
Access, 12, pp.164491-164502.
18. E. Almandouh, M., Alrahmawy, M.F., Eisa, M., Elhoseny, M. and Tolba, A.S., 2024. Ensemble based high performance deep learning models
for fake news detection. Scientific Reports, 14(1), p.26591.
19. Mohawesh, R., Salameh, H.B., Jararweh, Y., Alkhalaileh, M. and Maqsood, S., 2024. Fake review detection using transformer-based
enhanced LSTM and RoBERTa. International Journal of Cognitive Computing in Engineering, 5, pp.250-258.
20. Albtoush, E.S., Gan, K.H. and Alrababah, S.A.A., 2025. Evaluation of machine learning and deep learning models for fake news detection
in Arabic headlines. IEEE Access.
21. Akpinar, K.O., Akpinar, M. and Pavlovskaya, O., 2025. Attention based neural network for cross domain fake news detection in Turkish
language. Scientific Reports.
22. Datta, K.S., Naidu, G.N. and Abhishek, S., 2024. Enhancing veracity: Empirical evaluation of fake news detection techniques. Procedia
Computer Science, 233, pp.97-107.
23. Suresh, S., 2025. Transforming Fake News Detection: Leveraging DistilBERT Models for Enhanced Accuracy. Procedia Computer
Science, 260, pp.283-290.
24. Francis, M.A., Kurup, A.R., Premjith, B. and Chakravarthi, B.R., 2025. Multimodal Fake News Classification in Tamil Using Fact-Checked
Social Media Content and Cost-Sensitive Learning. IEEE Access.
25. Alqadi, B.S., Alsuhibany, S.A., Yousafzai, S.N., Alzu’bi, S., Alsekait, D.M. and AbdElminaam, D.S., 2025. Transfer learning driven fake
news detection and classification using large language models. Scientific Reports, 15(1), p.28490.
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